Dynamic characterization of the migration of a mining pit in an alluvial channel     

Bandita Barman  Bimlesh Kumar  Arup Kumar Sarma 《国际泥沙研究》2019,34(2):155-165

Research on in-channel sand mining is imperative as it may have a significant impact on channel morphology. Following this quest to quantitatively comprehend the phenomenon, experimental studies were done to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the migration of a mining pit. The evaluation of the migration rate of a mining pit in a physical scale model has found a rise in the migration rate of the pit's upstream edge with increasing discharge. A wavelet analysis applied for analyzing scale-dependent migration of the bed profile of a mining pit also revealed similar findings. Additionally, the wavelet analysis examined the length-scale dependent migration of a mining pit and a decrease in the migration rate has been observed with an increase in the length scale. The plan form of a pit (length-to-width ratio) governs the erosion and deposition processes around the pit. Both physical and statistical approaches show an increase in the migration rate with an increase in the length-to-width ratio of the pit. An empirical formulation has been developed for calculating the migration rate of the upstream edge of a mining pit based on pit geometry (length-to-width ratio), average flow velocity, and critical shear stress of the bed material. The results also show a higher bed load transport rate in the channel subjected to mining as compared to a plain bed channel.  相似文献   

Acoustic emission processes occurring during high-pressure sand compaction     

Andrea Muñoz-Ibáñez  Jordi Delgado-Martín  Elisa Grande-García 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(4):761-783

Granular materials submitted to uniaxial compression undergo pore space reduction due to mechanisms such as particle rearrangement and grain crushing. These changes in the internal structure of the material release energy in the form of elastic waves that can be detected by sensors sensitive to acoustic emission. In this study, Acoustic emission monitoring with a wavelet-based signal processing technique is used to identify the various mechanisms occurring during high-pressure sand compaction. Particle movement, grain failure, friction between grains and the surface of the compression cell and intergranular friction are studied. Acoustic emission data recorded during these simplified tests are used to characterize each phenomenon. Wavelet transform analyses allow the identification of useful features, making possible frequency discrimination among sliding, rolling, friction and grain fragmentation processes. For instance, we observe that at low stress, grain flow is characterized by the lowest centroid and peak frequencies, while at greater stresses, intergranular friction and grain fragmentation have the higher values. In the tests performed, the stress–strain evolution and final condition of the tested sand are broadly consistent, irrespective of the condition employed: continuous, stepwise or even variable loading rate or temperature. However, Acoustic emission data manifest much more complex behaviour (including thermal, load-rate dependency and delayed fragmentation phenomena) than that suggested by stress–strain relationships. At low stress levels, grain flow (sliding/rolling) is a relevant strain-accommodation mechanism, but so is crushing due to the effect of concentrated forces at the grain contact level. At high stresses, when crushing is generalized, intergranular friction is also a relevant phenomenon due to the increase in the coordination number produced by previous fragmentation.  相似文献   

京蒙沙源区水库大气磷干、湿沉降污染特征     

卢俊平  马太玲  刘廷玺  张晓晶  于淑玉 《湖泊科学》2017,29(1):127-134

为阐明典型沙源区水库大气磷干、湿沉降的污染特征及其对水域磷素污染的贡献,为水库富营养化治理提供科学依据,以京蒙沙源区大河口水库库区为研究区,于2014年沿水库岸边布设12个大气沉降监测站点,采集干、湿沉降样品,测定干、湿沉降中总磷(TP)浓度,计算全年各月大气TP干、湿沉降通量和年入库TP污染负荷量.结果表明:研究区大气干、湿沉降季节差异显著,全年各月TP干沉降通量变化范围为4.89~35.76 kg/(km~2·月),主要集中在春季4月和秋季10月.最大TP干沉降通量出现在春季风沙最为严重的4月;湿沉降主要集中在夏季(6—8月),最大TP湿沉降通量出现在降雨量最大的8月,为28.88 kg/(km~2·月),且TP湿沉降通量与降雨量呈显著正相关.2014年大气TP沉降入库污染负荷量为0.719 t,占同期滦河和吐力根河两条河流入库TP污染负荷比率为51.17%,成为影响和限制大河口水库磷营养盐水平的重要源项之一.  相似文献   

黄河三角洲地区砂土路基液化机理探讨及处置     

王成军  王爱民 《山东国土资源》2009,25(6):42-45

从砂土路基液化机理人手，结合黄河三角洲地区地基土工程地质特征，对该地区路基砂土液化做现场振动试验，找出影响砂土路基液化的影响因素，主要内因有土体的密实度、含水量和土体中是否存在软弱区；主要外因有荷载的大小、作用时间和荷载频率。并针对砂土液化的内外因，结合青银高速公路强夯处理案例展开分析，提出了处理方法。  相似文献   

江苏近岸海域悬沙浓度的时空分布特征   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

邢飞  汪亚平  高建华  邹欣庆 《海洋与湖沼》2010,41(3):459-468

2006—2007年间的四个季节在江苏近岸海域69个站位采集水样,获取悬沙浓度。通过对TM遥感数据反演,获取该海域四季大面悬沙浓度,并与调查的实测悬沙浓度进行对比。结果显示,大面调查的非同步数据基本可正确反映大区域悬沙浓度的季节与空间分布趋势。悬沙浓度等值线由高至低、由陆向海分布,底层浓度约为表层的2—3倍;废黄河口和长江口外海域为悬沙浓度高值区,而海州湾为低值分布区,东南部陆架区受台湾暖流影响出现低值中心。冬季整个海域悬沙浓度均较高,其次为春季,夏季最低;废黄河口海域的高值中心在不同季节分布位置有所移动。海底沉积物的再悬浮是苏北近岸悬沙最主要的来源,河流输沙量的季节变化是影响长江口海域悬沙浓度变化的关键因子。相关分析结果表明,潮流为影响悬沙浓度分布的主要控制因子;季风、风暴潮和风浪虽对悬沙的分布具有一定的影响,但冬季的低温环境是形成该季节整个海域悬沙浓度显著偏高的重要因素。  相似文献   

适用于沙坝上Bragg反射的二阶Boussinesq方程数学模型及其数值验证   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘忠波  邹志利  孙昭晨 《海洋通报》2009,28(1)

在二阶 Boussinesq 方程基础上,通过引入含水深导数项对该方程进行了理论上的改进,使得该方程在应用于无限沙坝 Bragg反射问题时与理论解析解在更大范围内符合.基于该改进的高阶 Boussinesq 方程,在非交错网格下建立了混合 4 阶的Adams-Bashforth- Moulton 格式的数学模型.将数值模型应用到有限个连续沙坝上波浪传播变形问题的数值模拟中,通过两点法给出数值波浪反射系数,将这些反射系数与已有的实验数据进行对比,对比表明改进后的模型计算出的反射系数与实验结果吻合更好,这验证了本文理论改进的有效性.  相似文献   

一次冷锋过境时引发多种天气现象的成因分析          下载免费PDF全文

于雷.  丁和悦  熊秋芬  郭志强  韩英杰 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2023,17(3):59-65

利用观测数据、雷达产品、ERA5再分析资料对2021年4月15日河北保定一次天气过程进行综合分析，结果表明：(1)天气背景高层干冷，低层有暖脊，整层大气较为干燥。冷锋过境引起地面风力加大，锋面触发干对流后，冷池出流进一步加大了地面风速，湍流加强并出现扬沙。(2)对流云内存在水平弱风区，其径向速度近于0 m/s，弱风区后侧的雷达回波强度呈增加趋势。雷达低仰角0径向速度区的上方有水凝物粒子迅速集中、生长，生长区内径向速度为5～10 m/s，降雹区域上空各仰角均为0径向速度。(3)下击暴流和动量下传引发了干对流大风，降水粒子的蒸发、拖曳作用进一步加剧了气流下沉，其中蒸发作用的贡献更显著。(4)干对流消亡后，锋面东移，锋后西北风减弱，扬沙天气结束，较小的近地层风通量有利于沙尘粒子缓慢下降，地面能见度好转但PM₁₀浓度依然较高。(5)夜间冷空气下沉，上游输送的沙尘粒子随之沉降，造成了浮尘天气。  相似文献